By FOIA Research on

John O’Sullivan (b. 1942) is a British right-wing journalist, editor, and internationally operating political networker, who has been associated with a plethora of right-wing newspapers and institutions during his extended career. He is best known for having coined a trope known as O’Sullivan’s Law among the Right: “All organizations that are not really right-wing will eventually be left-wing.”1

Hailing from an Irish Catholic background, already as a teenager O’Sullivan joined the youth group of the British Conservative Party, which launched his high-flying career in right-wing journalism, notably at The Daily Telegraph from the early 1970s onwards. Since his stint at the US right-wing think tank The Heritage Foundation (1979–1983) he has become an important interface between American and British reactionaries.

In 1988, O’Sullivan followed William Buckley Jr. as senior editor of the far-right US journal National Review, staying on in that role until 1997. O’Sullivan has been married to the journal ever since, and until recently served as editor-at-large of the journal. As of late 2023, he is only listed as a contributing editor.

His incessant propaganda for the Conservatives’ cause caught the attention of then-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013), whose adviser and speechwriter he became. Describing himself as “a Thatcherite of the first hour,”2 he was involved in the web of institutions she helped launch, such as the Bruges Group or the New Atlantic Initiative.

Another pinnacle of his career was his stint as vice-president and executive editor at Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty in Prague from 2008 to 2012, and as a vice-president of the RFE/RL Corporation.

Following the foundation of the Danube Institute in 2013 with the help of the Fidesz-funded Batthyány Lajos Foundation (BLF), O’Sullivan moved to Budapest with his wife Melissa. There, he helps edit the Hungarian Review (est. 2010) and The Hungarian Conservative (est. 2021), both published by the BLF. Since the relaunch of The European Conservative in Budapest, he sits on the advisory council of the journal, which also receives support by the BLF.

His long march through the institutions included stints at: The Heritage Foundation, Harvard Kennedy School's Institute of Politics, Institute for European Defence and Strategic Studies (IEDSS), New Atlantic Initiative, Hoover Institution, Nixon Center, Bruges Group, Hudson Institute, Danube Institute, and The Bow Group.

He has served in editorial roles and as a contributor to over a dozen newspapers, magazines and press agencies, including: the Swinton Journal, Radio Telefis Eireann, Daily Telegraph, New York Post, The Times, National Review, Hollinger International Inc, National Post, United Press International, Policy Review, The National Interest, Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Quadrant, The Hungarian Review, The Hungarian Conservative, and The European Conservative.

He has been quoted as the co-founder and director of the nonprofit Twenty-First Century Initiatives in 2005 in various online biographies, however, the footprint of the organization is meager, and since 2016 it appears to be inactive. O'Sullivan has also been cited as the co-founder and director of the International Reagan Thatcher Society, founded in 2018, and registered in Alabama. However, the organization seems to have hardly any revenue, according to tax filings.

Besides, he is a board member of several right-wing interest groups including the Friends of Hungary Foundation and the Global Panel Foundation.

Timeline

Born in Liverpool on April 25, 1942, O’Sullivan “grew up in an Irish Catholic atmosphere, according to an interview.”3 He attended the Roman Catholic St Mary's College in Crosby, near Liverpool, where he “was educated by … Christian brothers.” He received his higher education at the University of London.

UK Conservative Party

At the age of 14, he wanted to join the Young Conservatives but had to wait until he turned 15 in 1957.3 As of 1962, he was “vice-chairman of London University’s Queen Mary College Conservative Association.”4

Swinton Conservative College / Swinton Journal

O’Sullivan gathered his first journalistic experiences as editor of the Swinton Journal from 1965 to 1969, published by the former Swinton Conservative College, where he worked as a tutor.5 From 1948 onwards, Swinton College was the Conservative Party’s cadre training base in Yorkshire.6

1970s

In the age of 28, he stood unsuccessfully as a Conservative Party candidate for the constituency of Gateshead West in the 1970 British general election. After that, he never ran for a political office again.

Radio Telefis Eireann

In earl 1971, O’Sullivan became the London correspondent for Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE),7 Ireland’s state broadcasting corporation, “where he received his journalistic training.”8 According to an interview:3

This was the days when the Northern Ireland conflict was taking off again. I’m talking about ’70, ’71, ’72. … I was sent up to the North, I interviewed Ian Paisley … I covered some of the bombings and the riots … But the real thing I got was a fantastic training from a first class group of journalists, and I’ve always been grateful to RTE for what they did to people like Mike Burns and Sean Diagden, who were my bosses, and did that for about two years, had the most exciting time of my life, jumping in and out of taxis in London with a tape recorder, and covering all the big events …

It was during his time at RTE that O’Sullivan visited Hungary for the first time, who already in his youth was influenced by the failed Hungary 1956 uprising, according to an interview in the Hungarian Mandiner:9

I was fourteen years old when the ‘56 revolution broke out, which had a powerful effect on me. Perhaps it also explains the evolution of some of my political views. I was here for the first time in 1971. … I was a young journalist, but I was here on a tourist visa. I enjoyed the trip - but I also wanted to write about it. I visited Hungary again after 1989, and several times since then.

Mont Pelerin Society

According to a leaked member list of the Mont Pelerin Society (MPS), O’Sullivan was a member of the organization as of 1971.10 The MPS formed in 1947 on the initiative of the Austrian economics figurehead Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992), a student of Ludwig von Mises. The Society ran meetings in the US at Hillsdale College, one of which O’Sullivan reportedly attended in 1976.2 Hayek’s papers at the Hoover Institution indicate that he corresponded with O’Sullivan.11 It was presumably at the MPS that O’Sullivan made the acquaintance of Edwin Feulner who brought O’Sullivan to The Heritage Foundation a few years later, a MPS member since 1972 and a past president (1996-1998) of the organization.

Daily Telegraph

In 1972, O’Sullivan started to work for the Daily Telegraph: as assistant editor and parliamentary sketch-writer (“Torygraph”) for two periods (1972-79 and 1983-84).8 He scored the job on the recommendation of a friend, the Daily Telegraph writer T. E. Utley (1921–1988), who had fallen seriously ill.3 “His mentor was William Deedes … the Telegraph’s editor,” according to the Washington Post.12

Heritage Foundation / Policy Review

Logo of The Heritage Foundation

Between his stints at the Daily Telegraph, from 1979 to 1983, O’Sullivan was Director of Studies at The Heritage Foundation, a key think tank of the American Right, where he was editor of the quarterly journal Policy Review.8 His employment at the organization, which he joined on the invitation of longtime Heritage chairman Edwin Feulner, coincided with Ronald Reagan’s surge to power, and O’Sullivan "met Reagan on a number of occasions."3

1980s

Harvard Institute of Politics Fellow

Following his time at Heritage, in spring 1983, O’Sullivan became a fellow of the Harvard Kennedy School's Institute of Politics.13 The same year, he returned to the Daily Telegraph as the parliamentary sketch-writer from 1983 to 1984.8

New York Post

From 1984 to 1986, O’Sullivan was editorial page editor of Rupert Murdoch’s New York Post, a US right-wing tabloid.

The Times

From 1986 to 1987, O’Sullivan was the associate editor of The Times in London, in charge of the editorial and op-ed pages.8 According to O’Sullivan, he “was with them for a year” when Thatcher asked him “to join her in Downing Street.”3

Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013)

“O’Sullivan worked as a special adviser for then-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Downing Street from 1987 to 1988, and also served informally as a speechwriter.”14 “He was the principal author of the 1987 Conservative election manifesto.”15

Institute for European Defence and Strategic Studies (IEDSS)

In the 1980s, O’Sullivan was involved in the Institute for European Defence and Strategic Studies (IEDSS), founded in 1979 in London, and, as of 1990, sat on the advisory council. The IEDSS, which “included several of Thatcher’s official and unofficial advisers, promoters and speechwriters,” had emerged from Pinay’s Le Cercle and received funds by the Heritage Foundation, which bankrolled several anti-disarmament campaigns in the UK at the time.16 According to David Teacher's Rogue Agents, Brian Crozier (1918-2012) “became the Heritage Foundation's bag-man in Britain.”17

Gerald Frost, one of the IEDSS’s co-founders, was the director from 1980 to 1992.18 Chairman of the IEDSS became Ed Feulner, O’Sullivan’s superior at Heritage. The IEDSS Council also “included Heritage Fellow Richard V. Allen, Reagan’s chief foreign policy advisor from 1977 to 1980 and later appointed as his first but short-lived National Security Advisor … [and] an old ISC stalwart: Leonard Schapiro.

According to a PhD thesis by William Clark:16

As well as funding the IEDSS the Heritage Foundation funded and influenced a small group of interlocking think tanks that supported ‘Thatcherism’ and gathered to attack CND [Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament], and in the mid-1980s it also provided money for projects Crozier co-ordinated in Europe: these also included the Social Affairs Unit that featured Antonio Martino, a member, with Feulner of the Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) and its US variant initiated by Feulner, the Philadelphia Society. Martino’s associates included Michael Ledeen … Both Societies included several IEDSS members who were advocates of socio-economic reform of a Hayekian or Friedmanite orientation with other institutional connections. Heritage Foundation money supplemented and replaced CIA funding and this network is dotted with other Foundation funding, that had been contrived largely to distance and obliterate elite involvement.

According to the New English Review, “When Gerry Frost left the IEDSS to take over the running of the think tank that most often had the ear of the Prime Minister [Margaret Thatcher], the Centre for Policy Studies (CPS), it thrived under his management, but the IEDSS declined without him and disappeared.”19

National Review

In 1988, O’Sullivan followed William Buckley Jr. as senior editor of the far-right US journal National Review, staying on in that role until 1997.20 According to the Washington Post, “the call came ... from William Buckley, who invited him to lunch at his Connecticut home;” and that “With his selection, Buckley’s Anglophilia has reached its apotheosis.”12 Upon his arrival in the US, O’Sullivan immediately dined with Ronald Reagan.12

O’Sullivan has been married to the journal ever since, and stayed on in the role of editor-at-large after his departure as editor-in-chief until late 2023. From at least 2016 until now, he was a National Review Institute Senior Fellow.

1990s

While at the National Review, “After Thatcher left office [1990], O’Sullivan was one of two writers who worked with her on her memoirs: 1993’s ‘The Downing Street Years’ and 1995’s ‘The Path to Power,’” according to a Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty interview.14 And O'Sullivan's National Review profile states that “for several years in the 1990s, he served both as an informal advisor to Lady Thatcher and as a member of the Academic Advisory Board of the Thatcher Foundations.”8

For his loyal services, he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1991 New Year’s Honours List.

New Atlantic Initiative

In May 1996, still with the National Review, O’Sullivan was the founder and co-chairman of the New Atlantic Initiative (NAI), launched at the Congress of Prague by then-President Vaclav Havel and Margaret Thatcher. According to the Danube Institute website, the NAI “played a major role in bringing the countries of Central and Eastern Europe into NATO.”21 NAI was based at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) think tank in Washington, DC, but shut down in 2005, and merged into the “European Studies” program at AEI. A 2008 blog post mentions that:22

According to the media Transparancy Site the Institute for European Defence and Strategic Studies (IEDSS) received a £25,000 grant from the John M. Olin Foundation, to set up the NAI in 1995, so in this sense the NAI can be seen as a continuation of the right-wing Atlanticist project of the IEDSS: both have close connections in terms of members, and work under the auspices of the Heritage Foundation and American Enterprise Institute.

While at the AEI, O’Sullivan made contacts that reach into the present, such as Christopher DeMuth, president of the AEI from 1986 to 2008, who today organizes the National Conservatism Conference for the Edmund Burke Foundation, which invites O’Sullivan frequently. NAI served as an interface of American and British reactionaries, and involved old colleagues of O’Sullivan, such as Gerald Frost, formerly the director of IEDSS and the Centre for Policy Studies.23

Hollinger International Inc

In 1997, O’Sullivan left the National Review, and from 1998 to 2001, he worked as an editorial consultant for Hollinger International Inc, a Chicago-based newspaper publisher.8

National Post

In 1998, O’Sullivan was a leading member of the journalistic team that founded the National Post, a right-leaning Canadian newspaper.

2000s

United Press International

From 2001 to 2003, O’Sullivan was the editor-in-chief of the international press agency United Press International (UPI).8 UPI was purchased in May 2000 by News World Communications, a media conglomerate founded by Sun Myung Moon, cult leader of the Unification movement (“Moonies”) sect.24 The rabidly anti-communist sect, founded in 1954 by Moon in South Korea, enjoyed the support of the CIA, and eventually branched out to the U.S. Besides UPI, the Moonies own The Washington Times and newspapers in South Korea, Japan, and South America.

Hoover Institution / Policy Review

From at least 2002 onward, O’Sullivan provided commentaries for the Hoover Institution, the right-wing think tank at Stanford University.25 The Hoover Institution Press previously published the bimonthly periodical Policy Review, formerly edited by O’Sullivan, which it acquired from The Heritage Foundation in 2001.26 As late as 2022, Hoover has featured O'Sullivan on a podcast regarding his views on the war in Ukraine.27

Nixon Center / The National Interest

From 2003 to 2005, O’Sullivan held a senior fellowship at the Nixon Center (f. 1994), a right-wing think tank, where he edited the foreign policy quarterly, The National Interest.8

Bruges Group

From 2004 onwards, O'Sullivan became a staff member of the Bruges Group, a EU-skeptical UK think tank founded in 1989 which played a key part in the 2016 Brexit referendum.28 “Its inspiration was Margaret Thatcher's Bruges speech in September 1988,” and Thatcher became honorary president of the group.29

In June 2004 he was first listed as a member of the advisory council, and in December that year the title "Washington D.C. Representative" was added.30 As of 2023, he still serves as the Bruges Group's representative in Washington DC.

Twenty-First Century Initiatives

O'Sullivan has been quoted as the co-founder and director of the nonprofit Twenty-First Century Initiatives (TFCI) in various online biographies, however, the footprint of the organization is meager.31 According to data present at Open Corporates, the organization was founded in 2005 and was dissolved in 2016. However, there was a change of governors in 2019, three years after the TFCI had dissolved, including John O'Sullivan and Michael Horowitz as governors. The organization has notably received money from the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, Inc. in 2014 to the tune of $25,000.32 Thus, it may be speculated that it is rather a financial vehicle to receive funds than an active organization.

Hudson Institute

From 2006 to 2009, O’Sullivan was a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute, founded in 1961 by Herman Kahn and some of his colleagues from RAND corporation.8 Kahn's rabid anti-communism and his staunch nuclear advocacy served as one of the inspirations for the main character of the movie Dr. Strangelove (besides the Nazi scientist Wernher von Braun).33

In 2006, O'Sullivan published The President, the Pope, and the Prime Minister,34 a book dealing with the "roles played by Pope John Paul II, President Reagan and Prime Minister Thatcher in the collapse of communism and the revival of Western market democracies," which "has been published in English, Portuguese, Spanish, Czech, Polish, Italian, and Hungarian."8

Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty

From 2008 to 2012, he served as vice-president and executive editor of Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty in Prague and as a Vice-President of the RFE/RL Corporation. According to the RFE/RL announcement from back then:35

John O’Sullivan will become Executive Editor, setting editorial vision and direction for the organization … Mr. O’Sullivan has … been … editor of the magazines The National Interest and National Review. … His recent book, “The President, the Pope, and the Prime Minister,” has been translated into Polish, Czech, Spanish and Portuguese. He is the founder of the bi-partisan, transatlantic "New Atlantic Initiative,” launched at the Congress of Prague in 1996. “John's key task will be to ensure that the breadth and depth of RFE/RL's content meet its mission and regional requirements,” said Gedmin. He will arrive in Prague in early February.

RFE/RL had been established in 1949 as a primary CIA vehicle for anticommunist psychological warfare.36 Incidentally, it served as a resting home for former Nazi-collaborators, and gave them a second life as anticommunist propagandists in the bourgeoning Cold War. In a chart on RFE/RL’s website, the nexus between Radio Free Europe and the CIA-supported Hungarian uprising is made explicit.37 In the meantime, RFE/RL’s Hungarian section, which had folded after the Cold War, was revived on September 8, 2020.38

2010s

In 2010 at the latest, John O’Sullivan joined the board of directors of the Center for Family and Human Rights (C-FAM), an arch-reactionary anti-abortion and anti-LGBTIQ hate group, presided over by its co-founder Austin Ruse.39 In the latest tax filings of C-FAM from 2022, O’Sullivan is still designated as an uncompensated director.40

Hungarian Review

After the Hungarian Review was established in 2010, O'Sullivan started to contribute articles to the magazine.41 As previously mentioned, he had an avid interest in the anti-communist movement in Hungary and had visited the country in the 1970s.

Danube Institute

His attachment to Hungary intensified after Margaret Thatcher died in April 2013. That year, he founded the Danube Institute (DI) in Budapest, and after the foundation O'Sullivan and his wife Melissa changed their main residence to Budapest. Currently, he is also serving as the DI’s president.

The DI receives ample funds from Viktor Orbán's Fidesz government, and was set up with the help of the Batthyány Lajos Foundation (f. 1991, BLF),42 one of the major propaganda arms of the government. 43

The BLF itself was conceived in 1990 by Hungary’s first post-Soviet Prime Minister József Antall and his childhood friend Pál Tar, former Hungarian Ambassador to DC (1991–1994) and a Knight of Malta, who became the BLF’s president. According to the BLF website:44

At the dawn of the regime change, in the fall of 1990, during a visit to France, the idea was born that in order to consolidate Hungarian democracy and the values of the center-right, an organization was needed that could serve as a platform for youth and those interested in politics. Pál Tar, a financial expert who firmly maintained his Hungarian identity and ties to the national side even in emigration after the 1956 revolution, was riding in a car with his childhood friend, Prime Minister József Antall, when he was on his way to his French colleague, Michel Rocard. During this short trip, the Prime Minister proposed the plan to establish the Foundation, and the organization was finally named after the martyred first Hungarian Prime Minister, one of József Antall's personal role models, Lajos Batthyány, says Pál Tar.

As of 2023, O’Sullivan serves as editor or editorial adviser to several journals, including The Hungarian Review (f. 2010), The Hungarian Conservative (f. 2021) and The European Conservative (f. 2021), all published or supported by the publishing house of the Batthyány Lajos Foundation.45

Following Thatcher's death, O'Sullivan appeared on numerous right-wing platforms, paying homage to his former patron, and retold his firsthand experiences with her.

Center for European Renewal

O’Sullivan took part in the 2014 Vanenburg Meeting, his first documented appearance in the orbit of the Center for European Renewal and its then-mouthpiece, The European Conservative, on whose advisory board he still sits.46

Quadrant

In February 2015, O'Sullivan also became the editor of the Australian monthly magazine Quadrant,47 established in 1956, and funded by the CIA via the Congress for Cultural Freedom. It was originally published by the Australian Association for Cultural Freedom, and initially edited by the Catholic poet James McAuley (1917-1976). In January 2017, O'Sullivan stepped down as editor and became the international editor.

In 2015, O’Sullivan edited a book about Viktor Orbán for the Social Affairs Unit, a right-wing Thatcherite think tank founded in 1980, The Second Term of Viktor Orbán: Beyond Prejudice and Enthusiasm.48

New Direction

O’Sullivan has also ties to the New Direction (ND) think tank of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group, founded by Margaret Thatcher in 2009.49 Although it is unclear which role he had in the organization, he has appeared on various ND events and in ND publications. For example, in 2016, O’Sullivan contributed an article to an ND publication titled “Understanding Conservatism,” with the title “Central Europe, Conservatism and Brexit.”50 As of late, in June 2023, he gave a speech at an ND event in Eskilstuna, Sweden on the topic “Winning by Example – Success in the Culture War.”51

National Conservatism Conference

John O'Sullivan has appeared as a speaker at the extreme right-wing National Conservatism Conference series. For example, he spoke at the Reclaiming Conservatism Conference in Glen Cove, NY, on December 21, 2016, on the subject of "Identity Politics."52

The Bow Group

Since 2018, John O’Sullivan is listed as a senior patron o The Bow Group (TBG),53 describing itself as “the World’s oldest conservative think tank.”54 TBG's website previously displayed a long list of mostly British and American extreme right-wing organizations, including various Brexit lobby groups. The Bruges Group, of which O'Sullivan serves as Washington representative, was prominently sported in the partner section, so was the National Conservatism Conference, of which the Bow Group has appeared as sponsor.55

For example, in 2019, TBG (O'Sullivan), alongside the White House Writers Group, the Common Sense Society, the Danube Institute (O'Sullivan), the Institute of World Politics, the International Reagan Thatcher Society (O'Sullivan), and the Polish National Foundation appeared as sponsors of the May 13, 2019 NCC conference "Europe at a Crossroads - The Virtue of Nationalism."56

TBG listed also the Dignititas Humanae Institute as a partner, which had aided the American far-right figurehead Steve Bannon in the failed setup of a far-right cadre school in an Italian monastery. As of 2023, DHI's director Benjamin Harnwell is a “Research Fellow for Judeo-Christian Western Civilisation” at TBG.57 In early October 2022, O'Sullivan's Danube Institute invited Harnwell, TEC's editor-in-chief, Alvino-Mario Fantini, and others to an event celebrating the election of the neo-fascist Giorgia Meloni as prime minister of Italy.58

International Reagan Thatcher Society

O'Sullivan has been cited as the co-founder and director of the International Reagan Thatcher Society, founded in 2018, and registered in Alabama. However, the organization seems to have hardly any revenue, according to tax filings published by ProPublica.59

Global Panel Foundation

Latest since 2018, O'Sullivan is also a member of the board of advisors of the Global Panel Foundation.60 In the about section of the website one can read:61

Global Panel Foundation was founded in the Netherlands in 1989 by billionaires Bas Spuybroek and Frans Lurvink, with the support of Dutch Foreign Minister Hans van den Broek. ... It is known for its work – behind the scenes – in conflict zones around the world. Long before it was politically correct, the Global Panel was supporting Cuban dissidents and other political economic initiatives.

As of 2019, O’Sullivan was cited as associate editor of the Hungarian Review, published by the Batthyány Lajos Foundation,62 although initially his role was not displayed on the website.

For his special merits serving the right-wing Fidesz government, O'Sullivan received the Middle Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit. The order was presented by Balázs Orbán, Deputy Minister of the Prime Minister's Office, on February 12, 2019. In attendance were representatives from the Friends of Hungary Foundation, of which O'Sullivan is a member.63

Friends of Hungary

Founded in November 2012 in Delaware and registered in Washington D.C., the Friends of Hungary / Hungarian Initiatives Foundation has received millions from the Fidesz government to exert influence on the Hungarian diaspora:64

… Orban instructed his ministers to make all necessary arrangements for the incorporation of a foundation in the United States … to “strengthen and support the bonds that unite the Hungarian diaspora’s nationalist identity with the Hungarian nation”.

… Orban directed then Minister of National Economics, Gyorgy Matolcsy, to make approximately HUF 3.9 billion (USD 18 million) available to the “Friends”. … the political opposition … accused the government of plotting to buy the votes of American-Hungarians in next year’s election.

2020s

The European Conservative

Since the relaunch of The European Conservative (TEC) in Budapest in late 2021, O’Sullivan is a member of the advisory council.65 He has been featured on events organized by TEC, including the celebration of the fall 2021 edition of the magazine, the second issue after its relaunch in a glossy format.66 The event included some illustrious guests, such as Wolfgang Fenske, the director of the Library of Conservatism (Bibliothek des Konservatismus) in Berlin; Benjamin Harnwell of the Dignitatis Humanae Institute; Gladden Pappin, an American right-wing scholar and Knight of Malta; the Italian Francesco Giubilei of the Fratelli d'Italia-affiliated think tanks Nazione Futura and Tatarella Foundation; as well as Pater Edmund Waldstein, a Cistercian monk and longtime member of TEC's editorial board.

As O'Sullivan's Danube Institute, TEC enjoys the support of the Batthyány Lajos Foundation, which in turn receives funds from the Fidesz government.

The Danube Institute has also invited speakers associated with the magazine to its events, such as TEC's editor-in-chief, Alvino-Mario Fantini.

As of early 2023, O'Sullivan was still editor-at-large of the National Review, but as of November 2023, is listed as a contributing editor only.67

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